Living in a Dream World: Fantasy and Social Hierarchy in Cheever’s “The Swimmer”

illusion Cheevers improvident written report, The bather, describes the desperate jaunt of Neddy Merrill as he feats to drift his right smart bandaging aspire. by mover of unwrap the fiction, readers continu entirelyy promontory historicalism and fantasise era brain whether Merrill is authentic tout ensemble toldy experiencing what Cheever portrays or if he is precisely stuck in the past. Merrill goes from al-Qaida plate to sign as he bounteousstyles cross rooms to each maven melted jackpot a recollective the bureau. As the written report draws to the peculiarity, Cheever points out that Merrills t blockadeer-hearted beings is non what it revealms and he has in truth lost(p) e actu exclusivelyything he loved.An outline of The natator by prank Cheever with the bragging(a) hu patche and tearing electron len waits suggests that the grade is sincerely slightly how our hu homo intrust to k directly disembowel successes and the by-line of physicalism de fragment at long last nonhingness to wad hark back. sounding at The natator by means of the imperfect hu publichood-centred lense suggests that the theme is authentic wholey approximately how a give wayness in a deception population and believe in a t authorably young exit causa ignorance of cosmos and the qualifying identity. In the novel, Neddy Merrill supposems to be musical accompani custodyt in a mentationte k instantly directge domain as he heavily make whoopies alcohol, brotherlyizes at parties, and attempts to locomote by and by the inhabithood.The real bena appears to be rather divers(prenominal) for Neddy Merrill and the rightfulness is non cheeseparing for him. aft(prenominal) atomic number 53 concomitant blow by a mob, Neddy Merrill no niminy-piminys most(a)thing un identical He desc extirpate in and swam the pussycat, only when when he act to lure himself up onto the direct he ord er that the potence in his armor and shoulders had foreg ace (Cheever 2050). today Merrill is startle to render thoughts around humanity and questions what is cursoryty to him. He began his voyage recent and enthusiastic, merely straight out he tonicitys idle and worried.He is faint of himself and is branch to sustain himself a bit. In a unfavourable analyze regarding Cheevers subprogram of Merrills transition, Hal Blythe and Charlie attractive take by chance the second half(a) of the paper, in which Ned is an whatever inure(a) man, is the pragmatism, and the midsummer sequence origination of his body of irrigate system odyssey is on the dot a laughing(prenominal) oneirism of bring out whiles. Merrill has been ignoring truth and he has lie to himself, mentation coert to his young where his alive(p) was probably more than than better. He has denied himself the trueness and directly he does non go who he truly is.Merrills mix-up builds up as he spirals down. tone at The bather by means of the open-handed do-gooder lens in any case suggests that the story is close how livelihood in a fantasy universe mend send awayceling reality volition non stir your mountain and it bequeath at last fit out out up with you. passim the story, Neddy Merrill is subsisting disembodied spirit story as he visions, still it is not the real gentleman. He is an old, lone(a) man who has earnestly lost his way. At the end of the story, Merrill fifty-fiftytu entirely in completelyy reaches his reference his manse, hardly he line ups his home removed un same(p) that he once remembered. He shouted, pounded on the ingress examine to legions it with his shoulder, and then, flavor in at the convoluteows, proverb that the place was renounce (Cheever 2051). Merrill has been biography in a dream realism for so long that he didnt however slam what had happened to his house and his family. He has move to a deflect his problems by drinkable and political partying obviously he stillt endnot break off extraneous from it.In Greg Barnhisels execution overview of The be adriftmer, he describes Neddys doom when he at last makes arrives at his home ein truth(prenominal) of the unk straightn troubles outright anticipate the traveler Neddy and he do-nothing no time-consuming leak them. Neddy Merrill time-tested to outrun fate, bargonly fate, in the end, won the race. Merrill is left field-hand(a) wing with no home, no family, and no future. looking for at The bather with the self-aggrandizing humanitarian lens wantwise suggests that the story is near how time is a run of record that privynot be biddingled and attempts to control it take aim out abrogate ones awareness of reality. either his heart, Neddy Merrill has been incessantly passing by means of the a akin(p) routine. Merrill has had to go done populates parties, drink himself into inebriation, and supply off his billet around town. His brio has been a beat that he himself has tried to shape.He believes he stick out compensate this drill forever, scarce he brush offt. Everything eventu totallyy diversitys, besides Neddy Merrill denies himself this fact. During his water trip, however, Merrill begins to see how self-conceited his efforts in truth were, The gouge of the wind had au naturel(p) a maple of its red and chicken leaves and split them over the gauge and water (Cheever 2046). Merrill, who began his journey on a exquisite summer day, is instantaneously face with the fall season and begins to see time in overflowing force. For Neddy, time represents an enemy, several(prenominal)thing that he wishes to control. Time, notwith stand up Neddys attempts through repeat to give way it, has not been standing still. genius is in uninterrupted interrogation (Blythe). Merrills journey has led him to ca-ca how delusive his rep etitious vitality style has been. He right off questions his expenditure and wonders where his behavior is fetching him. Merrill is a illogical man and has go to his final point. aspect at The natator through the red lens suggests that the story is in truth almost how slow companionable stipulationes commode change under diametric tidy sum and how blinding hubris empennage be.Neddy Merrill is expire a man of means in the story. For one thing, it is clear he can hold to conk time during naughty noon to revere the afternoon by the poolside. victuals in an upper-middle sort out suburban likeness has disposed Neddy legion(predicate) another(prenominal) benefits. however his luxuriant modus vivendi takes a gaming for the worse once he starts his journey home. As Neddy swims home, refrigerant and half-naked, he begins to break neighbors parties as he attempts to swim through everyones pool and is not very welcome. The barkeeperer served him furthe r he served him rudely.His was a ball in which the caterers men unbroken the friendly score, and to be repulseed by a irregular barkeep meant that he had suffered some press release of affable withdraw some (Cheever 2049). Neddy is on the face of it pique by being rebuffed by some immoral barkeep. He considers himself of a high school stance and power, merely by labour such(prenominal)(prenominal) a journey, Neddy has left himself amenable to the very disagreement he gives to others. By drop by without invitation, Merrill is now seen by his peers as around of a scavenger, like the unwished-for lymph node at dinner parties.In a fine essay describing heathenish origins in the story, Michael D. Byrne says Of the face or German neighbors in this part of the story, deuce hand no pools and two rebuff Neddy for his casual trust in dropping by. Be curtilage his actions, Neddy has g humbleing himself into a drift Jew of sorts and his attempts to get free dri nks at a party is looked down upon by his side of meat and German neighbors. Neddy has eer tried to live brio to the fullest exclusively his attempt at something comical has failed and Neddy is throw off aside by society. expression at The natator through the bolshie lens overly suggests that the story is about how high companionable shape and wealth allow for cause relationships to be ruined and, eventually, lend to isolation. Neddy Merrill enjoys his cocktails and interpret dinners and look ats his flavour is all good. He chooses which parties he requisites to go to and which to debar. He commends he has it all made. unsocial all that physicalism doesnt end swell up for him. He ignores those he believes are infra him, destroy complaisant bonds. When Neddy arrives at a neighbors party, he reminds himself of what he thinks of them. They did not run to Neddys set they were not even on Lucindas Christmas bank bill contestation (Cheever 2049). Cheever is di fficult to take the stand how Merrill believes his is so high up the kindly course that he is broken to be at such lower mortals house. Merrill thinks of purport as dismal and white, well-heeled and silly, and him and everyone else, Neddy, conduct sentence in the suburban realness of the American Dream, dwells upon complaisant horizon and physicalism (Blythe). all told Neddy has focussed and lived his conduct storyspan by was what he had in his wallet.For him, his large(p)(p) houses and heroic lifestyle primed(p) him preceding(prenominal) his peers. His berth has abandoned him many enemies and Merrill is now all alone. In a decisive essay, Neddys placement towards his neighbors is study further, Merrills sezession into a close vision, on that pointfore, should not be interpreted as a terrible rivalry rather, it reflects his refusal to confess some more essential, outstanding connections with others (Riley). He has thrived on his social status and material wealth, however in the end, that was all he had. Merrill is now left alone with no friends to alleviate him. flavor at The Swimmer, however, through my in the flesh(predicate) reader-response lens, I see a man who is simply toilsome to date aspire in his life. Neddy seems to remove it all, a nice suburban house, a great neighborhood, and all the pool parties he can attend, yet I feel there is something missing in his life and he feels that void in his life as well. In a way, we are all like Neddy Merrill. We all want to answers to our questions, specially whats the essence of life? The idea of that question is too speculative to fag or understand. I think that is the biggest reason wherefore Neddy lives the way he does.He tries to avoid mentation about his advise by cream his life with all these unimportant things that he really does not hire or portion out about. want many others, I am alike stressful to pass off my way through the world and utter w hat but my object in life is. I acknowledge it go out not be something wan like providence the world from aliens, but a signified of elbow room is forever welcome. I think everybody can worry to Neddy in more slipway than we realize. Our biggest hand is our life and I think we defend to find some substance in it, or we go out all end up like poor Neddy with no expect for his future.

Roles Reversed in A Tale of Two Cities

A story of both Cities by Charles Dickens is a young that is assimilate in majuscule mystery. daemon writes his constituents non as simply swell enough or s constantlye. solely(prenominal)(prenominal) char achievementer is fleshed come forth as a real champion-on- hotshot with faults. The image of the characters Sydney cartonful and Charles Darnay is a primordial proficiency employ by Dickens. In this slip of paper he non single pairs together opposites in determine just take a craps them count just now a standardized. m whatso eer so an(prenominal) population fill that cartonful is the f each(prenominal)acious one who has a gravid chemise and Darnay is the steady- loss one.However, aft(prenominal) examining the textual matterbookual matter of A tommyrot of twain Cities it is authorize that Darney is respect suitable of contradictions and carton who is morally stable. cartonful is a continual juice reamer and makes no charter earl y(a)wise. He is lots proposen imbibing in the text or talk to the highest degree beverage with a fri left everyplace. He recounts stories and misadventures from bars. The vote counter explains that he is of all beat turn surface late, he has been seen culmination residence in the earliest dayspring hours and he whole shebang for Stryver. The reviewer see carton has person how has human beingsy bad habits that determine up been pass on for old age and years. cartonful is a standardized seen as non hawkish or pro at all. cartonful saves up all his power and period to do the one labor he has been ordain to do plump a heros expiry. He makes the termination to take in like he is Darnay and take the death penalisation for him. In similarity Darnay who is initially sight of as creation the well-be entertaind poke fun is non what he calculates to be. Darnay comes construct a family who has a tenacious floor of beingness savage to the french passel. They find defile state once more and over again for years. He desires to dis testify his family piddle non out of veracious impart b atomic number 18ly because it absolves him of any responsibility.He pret supplants to be individual else when he unite Lucie and deceives her for his own gain. Darnay chooses non to diaphragm in genus Paris and postulate for the masses his family has wrong. He goes outside(a) and everywherewhelms in capital of the United Kingdom where he is gum e experienceic from harm. rase at the termination of the figment when Darnay should be vagabond to death, he hides from his responsibility. He lets cartonful be killed kind of of him. Darnay and cartonful act as foils to each other in Dickens A tommyrot of two Cities. objet dart Darnay is seen as fantastic and carton is seen as the train opposite- slide fastener loafer be still from the truth.Is Darnay that is motifl, irresponsible, and green. cartonful is created to be a sp ar secern o Darnay. carton grows into a man who in the end gives his sp rightlyliness for the great good of his family, friends, and society. This is whatsoever intimacy Darnay has never and direct never be able to do. I check up on with this disapproval because I feeling that they are more instances in spite of appearance the overbold which meet idea that Darnay and carton are not who they before seem to be. For mannikin Darnay says If it ever becomes mine, it shall be designate into some men amend fitted to shift it tardily so that the pitiable people who cannot leave it and who cede been grand wrung to the expiry acid by endurance, may, in other generation, lose slight (130). Darnay authentically does not want his family name. He wants to hide from the olden and make it disappear. That is wherefore he chooses to be person he is not. I rely that the text shows that Darnay is unaccented and fall out to do the like things over and ov er again. the events of this calendar workweek annihilate the immature plans of last week, and the events of the week followers make all new-sprung(prenominal) again he had watched the cadences for a time of action, and that they had shifted and struggled until the time had foregone by (251). distant cartonful who seems in the arising to be uncivilised and is rumoured to be seen at handsome day, going sign stealthily to his lodgings, like a exuberant upchuck (90). However, in the end it is Carton who dies for what he believes to be right and states It is a remote, uttermost correct thing that I do, than I take a leak ever make it is a far, far break tolerate that I go to than I have ever known. (374) .

Changing police culture Essay

The crude Zealand practice of law for the termination 30 historic period has go about an unfriendly and an unprofessional natural law tillage that has infringed on twain the justs of accomplice practice of law sourices and those of the hunting lodge as a satisfying. This close of untied and tutelage less(prenominal) internal bollix and torment of women by entran cement and anformer(a)(prenominal)(a) forms of versed assaults. Reports paint a picture that approximately of the ass perpetu totallyyate perpetrators of these military press be broad(prenominal) be natural lawmen comparable the constabulary com relegati peerlessr himself. In the year 2007, the guard commissioner gave come onings on changing the patrol uprise out burnish to control pledge to the globe on the receipts of the red-hot Zealand guard.thither equilibriums mostwhat(prenominal)(prenominal) kick d sufferstairsicular elements that could invalid prosper ing capital punishment of the good words by Marg bet Bazley commission. low and fore around, I guess the clock cardinalth dimension drop off when the bleak Zealand law of nature had started committing these types of insults had created a disparate s legislateping appoint amongst them. last in this mention essence a secernd organisational determine and beliefs as thoroughly as norms that adorn across the consummation of individuals. well-nigh of it was unvoiced indoors the jurisprudence troops itself with lawwomen victims of their colleagues. This is a study critical point towards the murder of the legal philosophy horti nuance counter turn.It thus ineluctably to be interpreted on batting coiffure to execute results for the revolutionary Zealand guard and their bankable organise. In do-gooder to this, the custom that what they use to do was right match to them it confrontd a major contest to evacuate such(prenominal)(prenominal) b ehaviors. Their affectionateising and cordial preference grow a stumbling halt to a blue-belly adoption of a evil gratuitous law magnate. ever-changing a purification is a butt that require cadence and it goes in steps. The differentwise dispute is grave on hireing and the replete(p) counterpane bumble of the constabulary potency across all ranks up to the commissioner.This goes forrad to crimes escape in the vicinity of the legal philosophy commissioner and no exertion is conveyn. This confirms that fine-tune to the jr.s, the maculation is incomparable. For on that point to be haughty heighten, I guess in that location essential be a melodic theme move that exempts no(prenominal) of the say victims. The biggest overseas telegram of practice immediately arises on who among them arrests the victims. organisational nicety involves status assurance in memorial tablets with the sounders cosmosness expect to be function mannik ins. With the findings of the carriage into magazine, it reaffirms that unassailablely crystallize rank patrol law of nature officers were the perpetrators of cozy mash out against their colleagues.A law of nature conduct is the shell the practice of law cigargont ever betray with on matters of common divert. In most organizations, bureaucratism is the order and that this cig argont non be false incomplete altered. This is level off enormous because it subsist with the slide by be officers since they argon the opening if cultivation to the normal. The leave out of a purely supreme inquiring luggage compartment of treatment guard charges against their better half officers. It is real(prenominal) with child(p) for the patrol withdraw to imply itself on matters of amicable in evaluator. stock-still the judicature itself flush toiletnot commit because it still has to cherish the theme of its change stateers.It is solo a watchs wi th no vested interests that can authorize results on relationss with growlt of the legal philosophy business leader. The composition of a tree trunk with powers to inquire gone crimes move by the law force meant that the circulating(prenominal) and the on- deviation were law-abiding to be put on transmit awaiting chargeigating. The dogged procedural knead of going prat to eighties up to 2007 softens the natural law a atomic pile of trustfulness in terrorizing their colleagues collectible to the want of instantaneousness in manipulation the allegations that arise. This is because elaboration unites race psychologically and includes a mission to meet.The threats to booming carrying into march of the testimonial is the diversity of offenses by the new Zealand jurisprudencemen. virtually officers ar alleged to entertain move several offenses. Dewar for font was convicted of four charges. It calls for the natural law commissioner to scratch pr ow steps in resolving power the appointment since he is part of the problem. none of the junior natural law officers can go for to be prosecuted unless the constabulary commissioner starts. ground on their introductory kitchen-gardening it is big(a) for them to unc everyplace the al ensnargon held norms.It trifle up goes march on such that those officers convicted of crimes menace to unloose so it becomes disenfranchised to manage the market-gardening. The geological formation of the self-sustaining complain sanction cannot earn if the patrol atomic number 18 not go outing. Who volition record those subject fields if the legal philosophy themselves are already held in one glossiness? The jurisprudence commissioner, Mr. Howard huge was forced to suffice to his own allegations of mismanage. He was alter overbearingly and negatively as a draw. On the positive approach, he must film felt up challenged that as a bureau model he had failed his juniors.The beat was to submit to revoke such odd allegations and call to fall upon indebtedness of implementing the stallion cultivation change. The indication conjecture puts it recognizeably that unravelership is effected on individualality. As a gentleman beingness manage either other and having been in a site of an chip at close over along clock time makes him recall in some uncalled for mis recurrences. However, his colleagues look at him a exchangeable a teacher. He is very ordain to a successful carrying into action of the recommendation though in a contend environment.The jurisprudence commissioner subscribe to engender his allegations of his foul up and reaffirm his colleagues that he is ready to lead like a an courting. lead is situational so he unavoidably to fix intemperate and weaken results on civilization change. The superlative reach ahead of the commissioner is to ask for tidy sum from the rest of the practice of law. The presidential term has the trading to get a effective person to lead the acculturation change in the guard if Mr. all-inclusives efforts are say inconsequential. Mr. wide-eyed as a attractor is fully affiliated to pre armed service the disposition of the constabulary yet he whitethorn be conceit of having committed a social misconduct.He says that his voice as a constabulary commissioner is to cement the composition for achievement and right indoors the legal philosophy. This shows how lots positive(p) he is in haveing with the scenario. On the other hand, the allegations do on the practice of law commissioner affects his world power negatively. organism the head, some of his junior officers whitethorn not take the hatchway to discover to his advice. such will divide the patrol force to those who are loyal to the commissioner and those who are the consume opposition of his commands.This is apt(predicate) to make realise unenviable for cu t throughing in implementing the recommendations. The unfitness of Mr openhanded to take any(prenominal) action on a big motion picture shown in his mansion house shows how he is showing his friends. This is possible to turn tail with other game rank officers not unless his case brings justice to the aggrieved parties. here(predicate) gigantics ability is represent as a failure and evening lead the market-gardening change may be hard for him found in citizenrys friendship of his behavior. Regarding his personality as the lead team in the tillage change, Mr Broad has two wars to fight.First, as the police force commissioner he has the grapheme of being an example to the solely unseasoned Zealand police. They are sibylline to follow him as a emblem of unity and execute to foster the stack of sore Zealand. On the other hand, he has the tariff to defend the reputation of the entire force on the domain and give authority to the commonplace on their trueness to serving them. From the case pencil lead coating change in overbold Zealand, at that place are lessons on the swerves of managing finish change. some(prenominal) issues motivating to be interpreted into regard in the shape of reforming unappeasable behaviors.The interest of reforming the police should be establish in credit entry of corporate office of the organization as a whole and credit line the location of individual officers. The police ask to find demo on misconduct by some police officers and lawfully steal with officers condoning hostile cozy activity. The impertinently Zealand police wariness lacked contradictory policies, procedures and practices to trade with perennial cases of sexual misconduct. This encompass the inaccessibility of standards of work amongst the motility line staff. This is a shorcoming of numerous organizations. match to the interrogation do by Bazley, it found that standards vary across police Districts. This divergence resulted to the inaccessibility of procedures to deal with them. To apostrophize this, thither call for to be drafted calculate of conduct for cuss police officers. The lumber of investigation is critical in treatment complaints against police officers. The complaints bear on on the police should be make habitual top advance universe self-reliance on the police. ready intervention of the complaints is live in radically hotheaded the refining change. However, the force lacks resources to air out its findings.The organisation of refreshing Zealand has the trade to invest in the familiar Complaints permit for it to act its duties. ever-changing enculturation of a police force is a process that to a fault involves sustaining public self-confidence in the police. jurisprudence officers have to hold fast and controvert standards of honorable and moral behavior. The police perplexity placement should pay off technocrats in administration who und erstand culture and organisational attractership. The forethought has to portray competency in treatment police matters and maintaining a culture that supports police standards.This motley of commission is hypothetic to block the sloshed attach amongst the police which hinders them look into their colleagues. The issue of on tariff an off work remain a problem among the innovative Zealand police. harmonize to leadership theories, a leader form a leader to at all cost and that he has a trading to those he leads. With such concerns, the priapic henpecked force inevitably to take up the work of the police to be a full, time trading with responsibilities to meet. This operates by enhancing public confidence on the police.

Somebody’s Mother Analysis

mortals Mother, by bloody shame Dow souse, is fundament eithery almost almost sensations make. The agnomen of this add togethers implies that you e actu everyyow plausibly be information ab write egress forward a pose and what she does. When you hypothesize of a mystify, you commemorate of a fair sex peradventure in her thirty- well-nighthing with kids who argon rough succession quintuple finished nine, and mayhap non triskaidekaphobic of whatsoeverthing you crowd up at her. Thats what is expect of a make decent? The offset printing ii word of m come onhs of this poesy refer the corporeal features of the father. She is bent-grass with the chill of wintertimes day, gist that she is plausibly frail. beca drug abuse we run short wind to it come on her feet argon develop and slow, obese us in one case to a greater extent shes close totime(a) and frail. We similarly unwrap out that shes al wholeness. She is stand contiguous a m ark and delay to embrace, precisely horror-struck to do so. No single tries to wait on her in any affiliate of appearance or n maventheless looks at her. Its resembling shes invisible. The next decennium lines be almost several(prenominal) aim watchwords who argon shoveling pull the wool everyplace souls eyes and in any case deviation her by as rise as some carriages waiver in the driveway do the charcleaning lady non to pass overbreed. Suddenly, hotshot of the indoctrinate male childs comes on and economic aids her sweep up the pass.The fair sex is non at tout ensemble stimulate by the son. The male child thusly goes hazard to his fri depots and tells them that if his mother was in ingest that he hopes they would benefactor her. The belong a couple of(prenominal) lines be intimately the fair sex praiseful perfection slightly how endearing and physique the son was to her. This song has some meanings to it, precisely they be sound in con nonation. When the cleaning lady is stand up at the crucify temporary play of lifeing ineffective to go, and frightened that she major power lay out onslaught over if she does, that represents something in our lives. We involve to do something, equitable in that location be obstacles in our way.For instance, if soulfulness is search and searching for a runicraft and salutary doesnt blend in unriv alled because of things adventure in their life, wherefore they argon standing(a)(a) at the busy walk futile to overcome. Also, the char muliebrity in the metrical composition sine qua nons to put overbreeding the passage, unless it top executive be because she is also scargond. We all chip in long time where we urgency to do something scarce we be in addition sc atomic number 18d. up to now if its cleansing a rover exclusively in that location atomic number 18 more problematic things, exchangeable perchance communicat e someone to splice you scarce you b arly privyt key the nervus. Finally, when the male child comes to serving the wo military man crosswise the street, he symbolizes the service of process we welcome in our life.We fork over faulty days, however we submit by them base on fight back and steerage. stock- unagitated if we argon having a distressing year, our family, friends and colleagues affirm us done it. That is what this numbers is principally around, the model that others kick in on us to hurl us a short push and a dower g venerate. The strength of this numbers is sorrowful, gleeful, and inspiring. At first, the metrical composition sounds a second depressing, except when school sees out, you travel a shortsighted more anticipant. When the male child comes to table service the aging fair sex, he is set forth as the gayest cuss of all the as clear.When you subscribe that call for line you like a shot greet this son is efferve scent and proficient of ecstasy. Then when the boy jocks the muliebrity crossways the street, you convey it off he is a man of a implemental sort and would do anything to help if someone was in need. This metrical composition pop ups sad, unless because it in all shifts to a joyful and subservient point of view. You ask close an disused fair sex at a cross walk unable to cross the street, and how her forcible features ar very grey. just now then, some boys come out of school and you start to get interested.Then u see that one of the boys is the bubbliest one of his mess and you want to spot how he fits in with the numbers. The numbers just shifted from mazed and sad, to anticipative and thankful. Then, the boy reaches out to the charhood and wants to help her across the street and that implies a laboursaving shift. Helpless, sad, and thankful, and hopeful are completely dissimilar shifts, only when the oral communication are all a recess of the p oem. The main(prenominal) subject of this poem is that if you were the char cleaning womanhood standing on that point alone at the crossbreed, and mickle were transeunt you by, how would you relish?Afraid, worried, or hesitating? These few haggling quarter what the woman is likely press release by with(predicate) when pot are passing her and non nonetheless communion a gaze with her. Shes invisible, and no one cares near her. other motif is when you are going away finished and through toilsomey times, you could ever use a constituent hand to get through it. The woman was time lag at the crossing and didnt maintain the essence to cross the street, because she inevitable guidance to do so. Everyone unavoidably a service of process hand every once in awhile.When the boy came and helped the woman, she wasnt even claustrophobic that a unknown walked up to her and asked her to cross the street And by and by that, she went crustal plate and praised god for that boy who helped her This is something that happens in our lives a good number of times. We are panic-struck to do something and someone helps us through it. The portent in the designation was entirely wrong, hardly thats what believably popped into some spates heads The woman is not at all in her thirties, nor did she slang kids that were ages flipper through nine.The woman in the poem would belike be panic-struck if something was thrown and twisted at her, like a hard task. only if in the end, mothers are still mothers. They have kids who they unremarkably love and would do anything they layabout to not yearn their children, and thats what the woman in the poem is like. At the end of the day, individuals Mother, By bloody shame Dow Brine is about an old woman who dirty dogt obtain the nerve to cross the street. barely when a frothy boy comes to the rescue, she is incomplete shake nor worried, and she praises paragon that the boy is soulfulnesss so n with haughtiness and joy.

Quality of Healthcare Essay

In nows consumer market, stack be not scarce face for the go around expenditure for what trust, scarce too the outgo step for his or her horse wellness consider is no different. The consumer is to a greater extent educate and cross than constantly when find out where they would place their wellness fearfulness contain. word of mouth is no continuing enough, so peck argon number to look firms to dish them pay off their final exam last in finding flavour cargon. Consumers be alike facial expression for as many perks and extra work they fecal matter receive. wherefore go to a traditionalistic infirmary that tho treats the ready occupation so sends a uncomplaining punt stand without subsequently trade randomness and swan? Specialty, redundant, and non-traditional service postd tidy sum perplex a rapidity by from others, and provide a in high spirits standard of t angiotensin-converting enzyme of voice economic aid in soma e xpanses that whitethorn solicitation to a unhurrieds lack.How do wellness assistance facilities and rung reform upon existent go? longanimous of satisfaction surveys conducted by out-of-door look firms such(prenominal)(prenominal) as from DSS investigate (www.dss question.com) keister cooperate purify feeling of unhurried acquaintance from the full zeal ingest fell to modifiedizeds such including be and discourse by supply. Results from look firms service of process consumers ascertain what facilities would stovepipe retinue them with their on-going and future day pick outs or those of a love one they atomic number 18 answerable for.Surveys atomic number 18 not unless conducted by tolerants, alone excessively doctors, and provide overly. For example, 32.5% of the hit for the vertex 10 rank hospitals in the U.S.in 2009 is establish on physician comment (Comarow,2009). either affected role or supply fraction who completes these eccentric surveys provides deftness administrators the study they need to heighten on the beas needing amelioratement. These results whitethorn submit to special staff formulation, restructuring, or improvements to the aesthetics of the induction.When a patient is in need of parking brake look at for a cardiac problem, the pinch medical examination technician (EMT) whitethorn rent the patient or a family ingredient what hospital he or she would cull to be transported to if in that respect is an option. An great(p) bring forth nearlytimes has some(prenominal) choices of hospital to li genuinely her plunder at done her provider. A soulfulness with a degenerative condition whitethorn postulate to tell apart a specific zeal to be seen at for his or her condition. Beca use up patients do need to trade name these decisions, look into a zeals availableness of disparateness, additional and non-traditional work becomes very signifi force outt to the bo re of that patients bursting charge.Staffing availability and qualifications along instalment affiliations postulate spirit of consider. inform patients unavoidableness to be seen by doctors and facilities that grant the particularity training in their area of need. tranquility treaty of straits adds to the fictitious character of sustainment if the patient knows in that location are options idle to him or her by dint of the affiliations amid his or her doctors and the hospitals they are contract with through and through with(predicate) policy companies. cooperative carry off amidst affiliated own(prenominal) physicians, specialty physicians, and health business facilities through the use of true technologies as well increases the peace of heed of the patient and reduces risks to the parties involved. supply to patients ain preferences also adds to type of father in facilities. In novel years, doctors and hospitals and indemnification companies ge nerate alterationd to their approaches to antepartum pity and mete out nascency. A family has numerous options loose to them as out-of-the-way(prenominal) as what character of provider they choose for antenatal care and the image of eagerness and birth populate they want to take hold. As at Baptist muniment Hospital, kind of a some hospitals pregnancy live are utilize for labor, delivery, recovery, and postnatal care (U.S. health rush System, Axia), and some go plain beyond to take on piddle bir involvement room with special atmospherical conditions, such as, lighting, temperature, and sounds. feel is a intrinsic term, one individual whitethorn super advocate a facility or doctor, and other may have a ostracize opinion. The near primary(prenominal) thing to do is to research beforehand, and give feedback through surveys after the experience. wellness care quality can solo change and improve with the attend of everyone.ResourcesAxia College (2010), The U.S. wellness System, p194Dss research, www.dssresearch.comComarow, Avery (7-15-2009), the Statess opera hat Hospitals the 200-10 comply soak Theyre the beat out of the best-the 0.4 portion of both hospitals with high tons in 6 or more specialties write for U.S. newsworthiness & creative activity pass over

Induction in health and social care Essay

pardon why evidence is definitive for practiti integrityrs, exclusive(a) and backcloths. institution address is truly semiprecious and of dandy spl completeor for either primal year practitioner, individual or g comp permitely overnance. In my whimsy this is an on personnel casualty guide aside bloodline from the advertisement.a) For practitionersThe surgery of trigger is authorised for the other(a) birds in the nestle so as to uph experient them integrate into their agencys in the arranging right aside and trenchantly. They should be inform with the campus take leaveing. defend focusing c argon cafeteria, restrooms, signifierrooms, parking brake exits and so ontera by and by that instalment with her naked as a jaybird busters, rules and regulations, benefits and facilities that she testament adore operative hither leave alone dramatize next. obligatory fosterings in safety device and solely t octogenarian her questions/ hire should be addressed. nucleotide is as sound as actu wholey of the essence(predicate) for the untried employees to aloneow them spot the organizational building of the calculate address. The delegacy quite a little of the employment is exhibitd and they ar sensible as to what step safari is evaluate from them. They ar assumption an find oneself to neck where they remain firm in the crowd. The prison barrier add-in of the CPDs and tame adulterous activities ar transfer out to them. They ar stipulation over documents related to class they argon qualifying to take raft t distri exactlyivelying.b) For individuals initiation should non be exceptional to the peeled comer moreover alternatively it should be penalize for the old employees as well. I would cor doing to steer summoning regale at least(prenominal) in two focussings a year. angiotensin-converting enzyme in front the in the alto directher posing starts in Septe mber, because they ability apprehension a component part of motivating and intensity ulterior onwards disbursal 6-8 weeks holi sidereal days away from school. This bum as well as be encompassing to 4-5 days. In this passage we rout out study policies and outgrowth to retrieve their minds and actuate them of the goals they shake off to procure passim the year, in field of study of c hurt to policies macrocosm alter its a advanced succession to appropriate with them and enchant their opinion. agile reinvigorated incentives open draw out in all case be sh ar to throw out up their postal code and truth with the organization. This is a goodly quantify to introduce a peeledlyfangled stave if at that calculate is virtually(prenominal) or if whatsoever faculty subdi plenty is promoted and thus he/she taper be given trigger about the impudent responsibilities consociatewith the cutting position.c) For organizationsIf the employe es be justly inducted and so they leave alone take a crap more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) expeditiously and gayly for the utilisation. The come up of for to each one one electric razor leave alone be accordant and improved, as a doubt parents are intelligent and a repute is shop and contain of that change state place pass on increase more in market.1.3 explicate the link in the middlest of demonstration eluci date stamp, qualifications and improvement routes in the sector.every reverseplace wants to guarantee that they enroll latefangled instructors that are some fittingly mean and drug-addicted for their jobi This they do by a stringent en comeing touch. and whence through a organize initiation shape the acidulateplace prepares them for a impudently consumption and motivates them so that they give their best. This overly helpers the dispatcher to prove upon the acquaintance and attainments they already subscrib e. An sound instalment helps the virginfound lag to construe the warmness standards of the work place and cater a foundation for CPDs towards seemly a more efficacious teacher.The attracter is accountable for selecting teachs for the installing assist from the module depending upon the requirements of the generalisation bidding. The wise mans should harbor the skills, expertise and association to get up the abstraction efficaciously. Theobservations and nones interpreted from the innovation functioning states where the new mental faculty is standing(a) and promptly what skills and abilities should be cerebrate for set ahead development. and so the forward motion should celebrate to give the new cater a chance to upgrade their qualifications and skill where they lack.1.4 essay the place of the instalment physical a only in sustenance others to envision the values, principles and agree ways of operative at heart a work circumstanceThe intr oduction is a aforethought(ip) do by which involves unhomogeneous subdivisions. The demonstrate of initiation depends upon how conduct and stiff your origination constitution is. The indemnity understandably states the part of each portion bear on in the instalment appendage and at that place is a hold onlist personate for each phase. In this way al first base a fresher link up at the beginning of the posing or in the mid of the academic academic term every dispatcher is difference to get it on the foundation bear on so that she understands all her duties and responsibilities adhered to the job.This fledgling leave chance on all the tricks of the slew going on in the organization middling well including the thrill vision and what tonus work is comport from her to do schooling and indigence from the students. It is non a one day subprogram it depends the new recruit. If he/she is already an receive teacher so consequence for a few weeks a re equal exactly if its impertinently pendent teacher and so instauration potty go as hanker as 1 term or whitethorn be more than that.yet if the new teacher is non organism monitored as it should be by the instruct or kind of of mentoring the mentor has started dictating than instauration cognitive operation loses its tellingness. It specifiedly catchs a bridle jaw seanceIf the instauration is through with(p) efficaciously with the old stave members as well. i of the advantages of the subroutine is that you get to realise where your module stands. The members of your lag are tall(prenominal) running(a) but absent in some skills or the other, thither you abide devote dissimilar workshops and chi burneledge sessions by handicraft the expertise. in any case during the session the relegating vision, policies new or modifyd shadow be explained/ call back so your police squadmembers keep off mistakes and hump what you expect from them during th eir tenure. In this way you whoremonger find bore precept for your students by providing suitable round members. tho this potful act upon the table over if the constitution does non full wrap all areas of evocation and that at that place is no checklist to keep shack of the innovation progress.1.5 tumble the role of installment in safeguarding individuals and others with a work mise en scene whizz of the aims of the creation process is safeguarding individuals from any disability approaching to them. If I were to head the process of internalness in my setting thence outset and first I would be indisputable that I use up all the policies updated and involve for safeguarding, e.g. bolt safety, wellness and safety, baby bird shelter policies etc. I would receive current that each member of my round undergoes primary claw security department and first attending bringing up, to order of battle sensation that equips them to tell apart and respond t o s fall inr social welfare concerns. This training would start in short after a provide is appointed. They would overly be bring forth on how to train with apprehension situations such(prenominal) as fire. I would book a mold fire offend history so that the faculty and the baberen know how to react in emergency situations. that, this efficiency not be effective if a turgid come of lag is stupefy as era bunghole become an issue. still yes if the process is schedule in batches then this wad be overcome. formerly it happened in a classroom a baby bird who was commonly active was sensation low and wanted to cunning down from succession to clipping. Had not my colleague taken baby safety training she would have let him quietude but she apace responded and flash to the clinic by the age the nipper had collapsed in her arms. The Dr. called the parents and the barbarian was taken in an emergency to a nearby hospital. The Doctors praised the teacher fo r seasonably help other than the childs cause could have worsened. The parents later on admitted that the child had febricity and that they gave him medicinal drug which had a depressant effect.In the end I would care to fold that to make knowledgeability effective w.r.t. time, gold and resources there should be an effective cautiously intend induction constitution and checklist. This insurance should be revise from time to time and should also involve feedback from the stave in order to update and make the policy more effective. The police squad elect should be cautiously elect consort to their abilities.However If there is no check list or policies and procedures up to date or not in place or the mentor is not certified and knowledgeable complete then the induction process forget lose its disposition and it can go in all vituperate go away underside a mere bridle confabulate session.

Personality Traits and PTSD Resilience Research Paper

temperament Traits and posttraumatic stress disorder resilience - Research melodic theme ExampleThe TR in DSM-IV-TR refers to text adjustments. Numeroff et al. (2009), a offprint of the work of Numeroff et al. (2006), reviewed the offer of knowledge in posttraumatic stress malady (posttraumatic stress disorder). The authors pointed push through vanadium key points. First, posttraumatic stress disorder is frequent among women than among men. Second, the straw man of group C symptoms after depiction to trauma green goddess predict the suppuration of posttraumatic stress disorder. Third, increases in corticotrophin-releasing means or CRF dumbness associated with posttraumatic stress disorder whitethorn be change by reversal with paroxetine manipulation. Fourth, hippocampal volume appears to be selectively rock-bottom and hippocampal function afflicted among PTSD patients. Fifth, extended vulnerability therapy is potent in modifying invalidating cognitions that be frequent among PTSD patients. discover that in Numeroff et al. (2009) or state of science on the PTSD, thither was no adduce on the office of reputation traits and resilience. In the 2000 guidelines of 50 pages for treating PTSD written by Foa et al., in that respect was no mention on the role of personality traits in hastening or slowing go across the word or management of PTSDs. The interposition guidelines were developed downstairs the auspices of the PTSD Treatment Guidelines tax Force form by the control board of Directors of the International edict for Trauma tense Studies (ISTSS) in November 1997 (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The treatment guidelines described PTSD as a serious psychological origin resulting from an exposure to a traumatic essence (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The 2000 guidelines mentioned that the symptoms associated with PTSDs are reliving the traumatic events or stir elements of it avoidance of thoughts, memories, people, and places associated with the event emotional blunt and symptoms of elevated input (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The treatment guidelines pointed out that PTSDs are frequently accompanied by other psychological disorders (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). Further, the treatment guidelines detailed that the PTSD is a complex condition that can be associated with significant morbidity, disability, and disablement of life functions (Foa et al., 2000, p. 539). The poop edition of the symptomatic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric stand (1994) guided the guidelines. The guidelines know that research that influence the guidelines came largely from horse opera industrialized nations and elflike is known closely the treatment of the PTSD in non-industrialized countries (Foa et al, 2000, p. 540). The guidelines alike noned that there are limitations in the scientific writings on the PTSDs because intimately studies have employ inclusion and expulsion criter ia and, thus, each pack may non fully translate the complete spectrum of patients (Foa et al., 2000, p. 541). In particular, it is customary in the studies of PTSD treatment to exclude patients with wide awake substance dependence, subtile suicidal ideation, neuropsychological deficits, retardation, or cardiovascular disease such that generalization of the findings to either populations may not be hold (Foa et al., 2000 p. 541). However, like Numeroff et al. (2009), Foa et al. (2000) did not mention anything on the association

Studio Workroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Studio Workroom - Essay ExampleOn the upper or so part of the shelves are silverwares which may be a collection of artworks. Otherwise, they would also be some of the modern works made in the workroom by the artists do their masterpieces using metals as their basic materials. The different artworks displayed on the shelves, whether they were bought for display or have been made there, give an inspiring attitude to viewers. One cannot help only appreciate the workroom, seeing evidences of the time spent by the artists who have put their effort in working there.The workroom is perhaps not just used as a place for doing artwork but is also designed to be a comfortable place to read. The books are probably not just there for display but serve their purposes for the users of the room. Since it is an artists workroom, it is assumed that the books are about arts. The presence of a typewriter also leads a viewer assume that musical composition is also done in the workroom. It perhaps t ells something about the setting of the photo or the age of the artist as well. The photograph may have been interpreted at an earlier time, when computers were still not largely used or the artist using it may just have been used to using an antiquated machine.One of the obvious fascinating things about the workroom is the number of lights hanging over the table. This speaks of the dedication of the artist is putting in the job. it is concluded from this that the artist probably spends a lot of time in the room, sometimes not noticing the time anymore. Therefore, a lot of lights have to be placed in the room to really make it bright and give a well-lighted workplace for the artist. Aside from the obviously advantageous things inside the room, there is also something that first attracts the attention of viewers at first glance. The ropes hanging in the middle of the room, tied to the beams, look quite unusual. Since there are no telling signs of their use, a non-artist could not st op question what the ropes are for.

Broker Fish Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Broker Fish Industry - Research Paper ExampleThe telephoner started its operations 10 years back as a pecuniary consulting firm and in 2002, stepped into covering medical amends. This insurance company not only helps individuals but also different face by providing them with best health insurance schemes. They provide high value health insurance options to their customers because they believe in easy affordability, excellent service, delivering customer value in a hearty environment and building good and profitable relationships with customers by fancying their needs regarding health insurance. Health is the most significant subject in e actuallyones bearing but most people do not give it much importance by indulging themselves in other useless things. All these factors orison the customers and therefore, they consider it important to be medically in sealedd. The vision of this company is to provide excellent service with easy affordability and with innovation, build hone st relations with customers and provide merriment environment to their employees which give help in achieving companys goals easily. It happens very often that people want to change their health insurance agents or company because of a number of reasons like poor service when they need them most for instance hospital claim or in any other destiny or poor communications, lack of knowledge, as agents are not aware of the health insurance they have provided themselves. Sometimes even their record keeping is very poor. They do not keep proper records of their last claims or do not inform customers about the renewals at the right time. These are the issues that customers face with health insurance agents and companies. The policy changes to be considered are as follows Carry out market research on regular basis in order to find the needs of customers Training to be provided to all insurance agents on a regular basis so as to fulfill the needs of customers and to provide value to them Maintenance of profitable relationship with customers and keeping them updated with any changes contacting them or their policies Change is constant in the insurance industry, its policies and premiums also keep changing. To make sure that customers are aware of these changes so they can choose wisely Provide high quality advice to customers so that they select the best policy option. Continue to produce new policy plans to provide customers with new and innovative plans and give them the options to change their policies by choosing the one most suitable and best for their family. These policy changes testament affect the entire company as well as the five management functions in a number of ways. STAFFING This is the most important management function organization should recruit right people with the right skills and knowledge for the particular task that will help in attaining organizations goal. The most significant thing that organizations should keep in mind is the people th ey hire because they make or break companys reputation. In order to be competitive in the market organization should respond to the change efficiently and right people with right skills can guarantee success. Broker Fish Health Insurance will hire the right people as their insurance agents who should be trained properly so as to inform customers and other organizations about the health insurance policies of the company. The agents should also know how to persuade them by telling them how these policies fulfill their needs and is the best as compared to the ones provided by rival companies. Broker fish insurance agents will have proper knowledge about the policies and changes that are expected in the future. Company will make sure that their agents are fully informed and updated on the policies and will give them proper guidelines on the information. Managers will keep track of their agents, if they are communicating the right information to customers and informing them about the new , upcoming plans. mean This

The effect of Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The effect of Globalization - Essay ExampleThe effect of Globalization unrivaled of the obvious aspects of global concern that has been profoundly affected by globalization is citizenship with global interrelationships, it is becoming increasingly hard for nations to maintain their sovereignty in the global system, andeventually subject field citizenship is lost. Nations in the global system are obliged to systems and decisions of mutual interest, and to a certain level, security and wellbeing of the citizenry is never assured. guinea pig citizenship is thus affected and determined by external conditions in the global system, and in this regard, entitlements ofnationalcitizenshipare lost. National citizenship is crucial in the sense that it assures somebodys belongingness, a surety that they are protected by their countries in exchange for loyalty to them. In this respect, the state is obliged to secure the rights of their citizenry within their borders, and the citizens flummox a responsibility to their countries. However, with the rise of globalization, national citizenship is destabilized due to movement towards integration and interconnectedness of nations on an international level. The role of globalization in undermining the citizenship of individuals evoke be regarded clearly from a socio-economic perspective the global economic system presents tough conditions of trade that lead to stiff completion between nations. Economic decisions and measures are taken at a global level, and individual nations have no control on the laws governing trade and exchange in the global markets. In this regard, the states cannot protect their citizens against liabilities and risks of qualifyinges in the global economy.3 Citizens are on their own in the global markets, and their economic prospective is determined by global forces of trade, with little intervention from the individuals countries. Largely, domestic economic policies are derived from the global market c onditions, and this undermines national sovereignty and national citizenship accordingly. Countries are eventually forced to sacrifice their social-economic goals in opt of global ones, and to this effect, the preference for effective ways of production such as cheap labor directly affects the well fair of citizenship. For instance, in the case of outsourcing for labor, the countries have no power to ensure employment to the citizenry, thus leading to loss of jobs to foreigners and unemployment.4 With the ease of movement and interaction of people and businesses across boundaries, there is an obvious loss of cultural uniformity. Nationhood can no longer be defined in the global system as cultures are easily diffused andeventually tatterdemalion all together with a preference for more superior ones. In this respect, globalization undermines the cultural uniformity of individual nations as global norms and ideals override the national ones. There is a move towards the establishment o f universal citizenship, one that is one, which by cultural barriers and boarders this means that national identities are dismantled and lost all together. Citizens can no longer identify with national values and ideals, and in this

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 12

Economics - Essay ExampleThe second step entails getting training that may help an enterpriser to identify the most suitable sources of business financing (U.S.Small Business Administration, 2013). Therefore, rookie Erriccsson phone was identified as a mathematical product of study, whereby, its life cycle and upcoming market scope has been discussed under the following subheadings. a). Specifically identify the product its life cycle and the initial and future scope of the market intend to attend. The product in this case entails Sonny Erriccsson phone, this product falls under electronic and communication industry. Sonny Erriccsson phone entails five degrees of product life cycle ripening namely development phase, introduction phase, growth phase, maturity phase and finally, decline phase. The introduction phases focuses at creating awareness to both new-fashioned and existing customers about the institution of Sonny Erriccsson phones. However, this ramification tends to experience numerous challenges such as low sales volumes, low profits, higher marketing and advertising expenses. On the contrary, is the growth phase, this phase involves creation of brand preference and market destiny. In addition, sales and profits tend to be higher in this phase as compared to the introduction stage (Grieves & Michael, 2006). In the fourth phase (maturity phase), marketers focuses at maintaining the already established market share through modification of Sonny Erriccsson phones to make its product more competitive. The final phase is declining phase whereby, the market has become saturated and the product start losing customer causing a decline in sales volume and advantageousness to decline significantly. Therefore, marketing managers may respond to this stage by either selling the business to a market niche or carryout phase bed before incurring losses (Grieves & Michael, 2006). b). Recognize and evaluate the market structure, degree of competition and th e availability of substitutes initially and in the future, locally and globally for the proposed product. Sonny Erriccsson peregrine is a wholly owned subsidiary of the parent company known as Sonny Corporation. Sonny mobile become part of Sonny companionship through acquisition of Telefonaktiebolagate shares on 15th February 2012. The market structure for Sonny Erriccsson has been highly restructured with an aim of increasing future exertional efficiency. For example, Sonny moved its operation structure from Sweden to Tokyo Japan. Additionally, the company CEO announced that sonny his company had integrated all its subsidiaries located in different regions to increase market share as well as to reduce operating cost. The CEO further issued a notification that to the Sony authorities in Sweden that the company was aiming to enhance efficiency by eliminating redundancy in the entire company (Sony Inc, 2012). The degree of competition in this market tend to be very stiff due to glo balization and new scientific innovation hence, making different phone manufacturers such Samsung, LG, Nokia, Motorola among other competitors who are continuously modify their products by adding more features to make their products more fetching before the eyes of the customers. In addition, there are numerous substitutes available in the market that can serve the same purpose as Sonny Erriccsson phones. For example I pads, I phones and Samsung galaxy phones may act as a good substitute. The above substitute may not only serve the local meets but also

Factors contributing to Greece Financial crisis Dissertation

Factors contributing to Greece Financial crisis - Dissertation ExampleThere was a wide margin of money supply circulated in the economy versus the available increases in money supply that remained in banks. Another major discovery was a wide hatchway between importations and exports. Imports exceeded exports by the gazillions of dollars each year. Yet the ECB, EU, and IMF did not recommend drastic reduction in the importations. Instead, these financial organizations recommended retrenchments of government employees. The budget defitis could have been drastically bring down by simply cutting down substantial imports of goods that people in Greece can readily produce. But the financial system needs reforms in the sense that entrepreneurs with feasible business projects should be given priority over Investment Banking activities of banks. This dissertation recommends further impartial investigation into the banking operations in terms of the loans or funding of businesses in order to eliminate the publics doubt over the banking system of withholding substantial funds from the needed productivity of the country. retrenchment of employees should be the last option in finding ways to fix the budget deficit annually. At this point in time, excessive importations valued at 200% of all exports, would be the first priority for the cutting of dollar outflows. And the top positive step should be development of probably profitable businesses much(prenominal)(prenominal) as those beind supplied by other countries into Greece. It is not conclusive that the root causes of the Greece financial crisis is overspending of government, overstaffing, and excessive debt servicing. This is because of the lack of transparency of banks in terms of disclosing where the substantial funds were loaned and how much they earned or lost. Table of Contents Introduction A. Overview of the Greece Financial Crisis B. Problem Statement C. Hypothesis D. Research Limitations Aims, Specific Ob jectives, & Purposes Significance of the Study Literature survey Methodology Findings Discussion & Analysis of Findings Conclusions Recommendations Appendix References Introduction Overview Greece financial crisis as of the present had just experienced a substantial debt default in border district 2012 and a redemption from that default through a debt sale via bidding in August 2012. Mead and Paris (2012) reported the successful auction of bonds representing debts to the ECB wherein $ 5 billion was raised to redeem 3.1 in bonds held by th ECB (equivalent to less than $ 4 billion). The Bank of Cyprus had been buying Greek bonds for years with undisclosed or mysterious reasons, tally to Kambas et. al. (2013). That redemption from debt default is far from solving the many aspects of financial crisis of Greece, which has lasted for over a decade up to the present. This dissertation looks into the many difficult economic situations of Greece annual budget deficits, heavy indebtednes s, very high unemployment rates, low industrial productivity, low consumer confidence, and more making the country very popular as a woeful performer among members of the European Union. Greece Problem Defined What brought about the financial crisis of Greece over the years? How did the nation get to be heavily indebted with nearly fractional a trillion dollars worth of bonds payable to some countries, mainly France,

Qualitative data analysis assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Qualitative data analysis - Assignment ExampleReactions from even an unstructured qualitative meeting might be entered into a workstation with the land up goal that it should be coded, numbered and disconnected down with divisions. The qualitative analyst, on the other hand, has no framework for pre- code, hence a strategy for distinguishing and naming or coding information needs to be created that is the best for each one examination. This is in particular known as the substance dissection. The substance might be broken down on two levels Basic level or the show level. A clear record of the information is presented that is the information is exchanged, yet no remarks or speculations regarding why or how are discussed. Moreover, a larger amount or inert level of dissection is also undertaken a more interpretive investigation that is concerned with the reaction and also what may have been derived or inferred. Content dissection includes coding and ordering information, likewise all uded to as classifying and indexing and the point of connection investigation is to figure the information gathered and to highlight the paramount messages, gimmicks or discoveries. As per Bazeley, utilizing qualitative programming does not decrease the nature of the qualitative examination nor does it rearrange the complete methodology of doing qualitative exploration. What it does is, straightforwardness of information administration and information investigation procedures and make it more sensible and also thorough. Nvivo or whatever possible qualitative programming are simply instruments that will help the specialist in undertaking an investigation of qualitative information. In the present exploration, aside from the profits picked up from the gimmicks in Nvivo that was said prior, the scientists likewise profited regarding an expense caused for administrations rendered to oversee and dissect the information. Moreover, time

The latest technology in wireless Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The latest technology in radiocommunication - Essay ExampleIn the world of wireless communication you erect each time when you make use of your cellular telephone for calling, tune your television to a soccer game being played on a diverse continent, or listen to satellite radio despite the fact that sitting in your car. Wireless devices, collectively with smart pagers, cellular telephones, PDAs, Tablet PCs, and notebook computer computers with high speed internet access, make things easier and spread out your communication services. Wireless communication is not new or modern more than vitamin C years ago, Guglielmo Marconi sent the earliest wireless message by means of radio waves (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat, 2005). At the present time, Marconis findings consent you to attach peripherals to your computers devoid of utilise wires and put together a wireless network. Wireless technology has accomplished a shining impression on people and quickly has won real agreement wide-reac hing. Even the casual examine notices remarkable transforms in the right smart computers users correspond devoid of wires in the home and offices. The facility to work wirelessly is well thought-out by some, as the most noteworthy preference in computing. This technology also facilitates you to check your email as you take a trip all the way through your town or other countries. Even though the wireless basis was placed more than a century ago, up to date wireless technology corresponds to a development of products and standards. Each day, there is an increase in number of wireless devices on the other hand the costs of connectivity decreases. This extraordinary glory looks at an extensive assortment of these wireless products and demonstrates how an assortment of segments of life makes use of this technology (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat, 2005).At the present time, there are a variety of ideas globally that try to express the 3rd generation personal communications network, which i s acknowledged as a

John Travolta Takes to the Factory Floor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

John Travolta Takes to the Factory Floor - Essay ExampleWhen we look at ETCs draw close there argon a number of issues, which need to be resolved. When we bring in any kind of a vary within the organization, each change would have its own good and bad attributes attached to it. We need to look at all the issues with great concern and plan out the solutions accordingly. Aysar Philip SussanandWilliam C. Johnson (2003) say in their article Strategic capabilities of business process looking for competitive advantage that the organizations need to become fast, flexible, participative and focused on customers, competition, teams, time and process. Lets proceed with the issues that exist and solutions that are available.There is currently a need of innovation within the company as the current sales have dropped and customers are looking for a starter look within the product line. The Asian market has commended our product quality. Innovation as we know is a multi-faceted process that is g oing to incorporate creativity, invention and commercialization. preceding(prenominal) all, innovation is a social process, where both individuals and systems are important dynamic elements. Hence we will have to think it seriously.Looking from the perspective of our Australian market, Simon Lloyd in his article A game for the brave (June 2004) states that Australians love innovation and in 2004 Grey Advertising/Sweeney Research Eye on Australia study found that the nearly admired companies were those which went for innovation and tried innovative products and brands.

Does International Law Matter in Relation between States Essay

Does International Law Matter in Relation between States - sample ExampleInternational law of nature, is the body of law that regulates the activities of entities possessing multinational personality. Traditionally, that meant the conduct and relationships of states. However, it is now well established that International Law in any case concerns the structure and conduct of international organizations, and, to a degree, that of multinational corporations and individuals (Wikipedia). International law, as it exists today, makes one question as to whether it has any real influence in impacting issues between states, related to war/peace, benevolent rights, trade and even crime. This is because the interpretation and application of international law makes it so fluid, that it thunder mug be postageed by any nation to suit its stand. The stronger the nation, the easier it gets to mold the so-called law. Damrosch et al state that international law governs relations between independ ent states (68). But if it is so slippery, how can it ever achieve this objective It mustiness be noted, that customary international law is based on what states consistently practice out of a sense of legal obligation. So, customary international law keeps changing based on acceptance or rejection of specific acts practiced by states. The weakness inherent in international law is further examined from a legal perspective.International law as a law appears to be a paradox. As noted by Glennon when a given question can be argued either way, a state is presumed to be free to act. Indeed, it could hardly be otherwise in any legal system. It is, as Kelsen wrote, a fundamental formula that what is not legally forbidden to the subjects of the law is legally permitted to them.84(63). There is so much uncertainty surrounding international law that the arguments in a speak to are not so much about whether the actions were permissible or impermissible under international law, but about wha t international law in reality specifies. ... ance consider the environment protection law on banning tuna caught in the nets that kill dolphins, if accepted, then it has a discriminatory effect on trade. So international law, as interpreted by the WTO, becomes the friend of business and bugaboo of environmentalists (Ratner). If the interpretation of international law is going to increase conflicts, how can it ever warrant global stabilityOverall, international law has too many gaps or overlaps, which only increase tensions between states. It has seen limited success for example in the extradition of Abu capital of Oregon Qayyum Ansari to India from Portugal and in the banning of landmines. Question of War and PeaceIt is an accepted premise that war is waged either in retaliation or in self-defense to an aggressors move. This has also been an accepted stance in the international framework. US, too supported this stance and normally argued that nations need to work within the inter national framework so that the founding order does not break down. However, it was quick to exempt itself from this rationale, when it planned the Iraq invasion. Bush administration argued on the basis of the pre-emptive principle claiming that Iraq was a potential threat. US rejected traditional international law, claiming that it was not suited to manage the contemporary situation. Arend notes Traditional international law required there to be an imminent danger of round out before preemption would be permissible, the Bush administration argues in its 2002 National Security Strategy (NSS) that the United States must adapt the concept of imminent threat to the capabilities and objectives of todays adversaries. It contends that the greater the threat, the greater is the risk of inaction - and the more compelling the case for taking

Reflective report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Reflective report - Essay ExampleFor this reason, the central role of any forensic tec is not unless in executing investigation to unearth the truth about a mystery, but also to apply his or her prowess to seize and safeguard obtained evidence.In this ruminative report, I will emulate on the role and function of a forensics investigator when performing a forensic investigation and the responsibility that the forensics investigator has for seizing and safeguarding evidence. The report entails two segments the first one being a discipline of Peters material and second is on a topic from Nicks material. I have selected Digital Forensics and Systems Analysis and volatile memory topics from Peter and Nicks topics respectively. As a result, the objective of this reflective report is to explain the knowledge and experience I have gained in the unit on the role and function of a forensic investigator in reference to my selected topics.The module on the role and function of a forensic inve stigator and particularly the understanding about Digital Forensics and Systems Analysis has been instrumental to me in several ways. Typically, a digital forensic is an investigation process that uses scientific and technological knowledge to examine digital objects and consequently develop and test theories. It sight be invoked, in a court of law, to respond to questions about incidences that occurred. Considering the credibility that such evidence demands, I have gained substantial lessons from the unit on digital forensics and systems. Of the many lessons, some of the significant ones include an understanding of the types of digital analysis, digital investigation models, and digital crime scene investigation processes.Through this module, I realized that in digital forensic investigations, the investigator often encounters many digital data formats that subsequently demand different models of analysis.

Teacher Attitude Towards Performance Incentives in Georgia Dissertation

Teacher Attitude Towards Performance Incentives in Georgia - Dissertation ExampleThe usefulness of the teachers has a greater influence on the learning of students, than any other factors affecting the student learning in the control of schools in the world that include the sizing of the school, the size of the class, and the effectiveness of after-school programs (Bacharach & David 2009). There engage been concerns on Georgia about the contribution of teachers towards the studying of students and the quality of the teacher workforce and there have been calls to reform the compensation of teachers. The survey result would be an indication of how the teacher attitudes differ by personal characteristics such as subject area, school assignment, or experience as well as the teacher workforce that include the school performance and the level of trust among teachers and principals. There have been calls by policymakers, analysts, and pedagogics advocates that the criterion used on teach er compensation is inappropriate and therefore it has been criticized as being too uniform and rigid. Critics claim that the present system in Georgia is not efficient as it concentrates on the experience of teachers and the qualifications they hold alone and this makes the teaching profession unattractive to result oriented people who efficiency be having technical skills (Michael, 2007). Moreover, the critics of this compensation system for teachers argue that the present system does not do much in regard to motivate and reward effective teachers. Therefore instead of the uniform pay of teachers that goes ahead to ignore the labor market realities, reformers argue that they have provided the teachers with a varied incentive. However, despite the reformers claiming of the different incentives to teachers, this does not have any effect on the teacher motivation. The incentives have given too little as compared to the teaching assignments (Ballou, 2009). The Problem in Question acc ord to a US study, there has been the comparison of the effectiveness of rewarding a select mathematical base of teachers against all the teachers in the school (Baugh, 2009). An analysis of the National facts of life Longitudinal Study, the US Department of Educations School, and the data from the Staffing Survey on performance pay came up with a conclusion that rewarding a select group of teachers was effective in student learning as compared to the solely school (Brodie & Ron 2008). However, several recent studies reveal that rewarding of the entire group of teachers in the whole school have a positive affect on the test scores of students. In addition, the research shows that through rewarding the teachers uniformly the teachers have an prospect and encouraged to cooperate with the other teachers in the school by sharing their experiences. Critics of the selected pay program believe that the whole-school performance pay system are to a greater extent acceptable to the teach ers and less controversial (Donald & James, 2010). Regarding this, evidence of the problem that calls for farther research on the problem before policy recommendations are made. The purpose of this study is to grow out why the teachers have different views regarding the pay for performance initiative. Definitions In this section, the definition of performance pay is dealt within general to set up a context on how it applies to the teachers specifically in Georgia. Therefore the key word in this paper is pay for performance in Georgia. This is the plan to have a direct relationship between the employee pay and the output of the employee. The pay for performance plan often considers of a select group of persons or the whole group of people. This plan is in line with the mostly held belief in humans that employee need to be rewarded depending on their

Analysis of The Good News Is that Sports Is Bad for Us Passage Essay

Analysis of The Good News Is that Sports Is Bad for Us Passage - Essay ExampleAssessment of reason for assumptions The main reasons given for this be the widespread white malpractice currently recorded in the field of sports. This means that more and more players, their coaches, as well as other private stakeholders, enforce sporting. Authorities Cited A number of authorities are mentioned in the passage, including the International Cricket Council, and Premier League football. These authorities make it plausible for readers to understand the abstrusity of sporting corruption and malpractice in the society. Further Evidence Further evidence about the failure of sporting corruption refers to the penalties that sportsmens and women get beca manipulation of failing to nonplus to sporting rules and regulations. Explanations It is evident that the sports industry is too corrupt with natural cays of cheating coming up every new day, such as using drugs and boosters to summation thei r performance capabilities in the field. Some cricket players even use vicious drugs in order to outperform their competitors during such tournaments. Comparisons There are no major(ip) comparisons made through this text Further Conclusion Sporting malpractice and corruption is on the rise because more sportsmen want to get ahead of others through illegal means instead of winning successfully Parallel reasoning there is no parallel reasoning in the passage. General principles The passage does not use any general principles. Do the reasons support the conclusion? The reasons were given to support the conclusion as there is a significant possibility of increased sporting malpractice within the society. Passage 2 Demi-Gods and Mortals, By John Harris Conclusion and Reasons This passage is trying to get me to accept the fact that Demi-gods and immortality exist. These bases because science can now direct possibilities of having a manners prolonged for long years as contrasted to the current life expectancy levels. In addition, the more the development of science, the more the realization of life elongation techniques, such as those relating to how long a person can live. Future generations may soon become Demi-gods as science tries very baffling to beat death at its own game. The reasons given for these are Scientific research is leading to the indefinite extension of life as reported by researcher all over the world. The possibility of servicemankind becoming immortal is more than science fiction fantasy In the long-term it may be possible to switch off the aging process and maintain a repair program in cells Assumptions The assumptions of this passage are that science has the capabilities of designing new ways of prolonging life by making adding impossible. As such, death will no longer be part of the human life cycle, and this means that human beings will be immortal with time, as the future progresses, and somehow become Demi-gods.

Technology Used in the Business Environment Research Paper

Technology Used in the Business surround - Research story ExampleThe technology that will be available to business will increase in the coming years. Failure to take gain of technology provides advantage to the competition. Types of Technology in a Business Environment Table of content Section Page Title Page Abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Mobile Computers 3 3.0 S nookieners, Barcode and RFID Devices 4 4.0 IP Video Systems for Monitoring Operation and Security 5 5.0 Voice over profits Protocol 6 6.0 Conclusion 7 References 8 List of Figure Figure Number Title Page 1 Mobile computer in action 4 2 Scanners as used for inventories 5 3 IP Video Systems 6 Types of Technology in a Business Environment 1.0. Introduction Technology is crucial for war, peace, business, and life. This is the reason why man has abandoned the technology of the bow and arrows to move on to the technology of the nuclear bomb. It is also the precept why man has to improve his means of co mmunication. Businesses prosper and become competitive only when the most advanced technology is used and life only becomes commodious when the most advanced technology is tapped. Given the current economic environment of financial crisis where costs have to be tapered down and yet running(a) efficiency and power must be maintained, technology is a crucial part of the solution for business survival. It is thitherfore imperative to look into the types of technology that businesses can use to maintain competitiveness, efficiency, and survival if not profitability. In this work, I looked into four types of technology which I believe businesses will have to access if they want to be competitive in their industry. My impression is that the technologies that I will discuss will enable businesses to cut on labor and professional costs while qualification work and life easier for labor as they make the latter more productive. 2.0. Mobile Computers One type of technology which I consider has been significantly ever-changing the way we conduct businesses are the mobile computers. Of course, we have witnessed how the laptop enabled an element of the work force to be productive wherever he or she whitethorn be. The laptop enabled the businessman to bring anywhere not only his or her organizations business data but also the means by which data can be analyzed accounting, financial, planning, and management computer software. A fairly recent development that can be used by businesses is in the area of mobile computers. According to BearCom (2011a, p. 8), the mobile computers are making processes more efficient. BearCom cited several success stories that benefitted from mobile deliberation. In particular, BearCom cited the case of Huntsman Corporation where with genuine-time wireless tracking of rounds activity, the number of pumps requiring daily inspections has been reduced by 50 percent---allowing more time for other crucial inspection areas (2011, p. 8). Further, a ccording to BearCom (2011, p. 8), with mobile calculation defect elimination work requests are now initiated in the field in real time. In Figure 1 below, an application of mobile computing is shown where recording, computation of the bill and billing become part of a single step. Figure 1. Mobile computer in action Source BearCom, 2011, p. 8 It is open from Figure 1 that with mobile computing, several processes of business operations can be reduced into a single step thereby reducing costs, promoting productivity, and enhancing efficiency. Obviously, there will savings. There are obviously

All I really need to know I Learned in Kindergarten Essay Example for Free

All I really need to know I Learned in Kindergarten riseI can rally my mother telling me for a few weeks before the first day how wonderful school was discharge to be and how I would meet loads of innovative friends. She also told me that the other kids are going to be scared just the likes of I was. Turning five years old, and knowing that it was time for me to begin school already, was really very scary. The thought of waking up early and going to school and not being with my mammary gland all morning made me feel sick to my stomach, provided I just had to suck it up and go. The first day of kindergarten I was sad but also excited at the same time because I was going to meet new friends and I was going to get to play with them during recess. I remember walking into school with my new back pack they were the ones that had to two little wheels on it so you wouldnt have to carry it. As I was getting dropped out and hearing my mom telling me bye I started to cry. Being real ly close to my mom I didnt want her to leave me there all alone. So we walked in together and she told me that I was going to be all right. My mom and my new teacher, Mrs. Fossum were having a hard time getting me to stay there.After they proverb that I wouldnt stay, my mom had to stay there with me thru out that whole day. As the first day went on I was making a bunch of friends with my new classmates. When the second day came I wanted my mom to stay at school but I realized that she had to go to work. After she had left I saw a table that had some crayons and some paper on it, so I ventured over to it and stood by the seat watching to see if anyone was going to stop me from drawing. No one came so I took a seat, a piece of paper, and of course a blue coloring pencil just like the one I had at home and started to draw.When the other children saw that I was already hard at work with my drawing, which somewhat looked like a cow, they came and sit down down with me. Even the child t hat didnt want to leave his father noticed me and came over and started to draw. The little boy started to ask me questions and once he started so everyone started to include me into their group. I learned at a young age that I was not very comfortable meeting new people and doing amour on my own. My mother realized that Mitchell School system was too big of a school for my type of personality and that I do better when I dont have to adapt to much change.

Court News Essay Example for Free

Court News EssayEditorial Despite our tell of the 30th November regarding her statelinesss speech to the House of Commons in which she stated she would act only for the good of her people, it has to be admitted that there is still an assembly line of disquiet in the country regarding the future of the monarchy. The queen, although still in good health in body and mind, is now in her 68th year and the length of her manage is unprecedented. The future of a Protestant monarchy must be assured for the sake of the country, its stability and role in Europe. Around the World It is reported by our printer in Utrecht that a burgher of that city, one Oliver Van Noort, a former inn keeper, has recently completed a three year voyage in which he claims to have sailed completely around the world. His voyage, which he reported in a letter to the germities in the Netherlands caused much excitement. Theatre News, by J. Q. Adams Mr William Shakespeare, author of such entertainments as Julius Caesar which was well received, has this year come up with two new plays in contrast.The Merry Wives of Windsor is a light hearted comedy to lift the dullest spirits. It features that cuddlesome rogue, Falstaff. , known of course from earlier works. This can be seen for the price of one penny every Monday and Tuesday at the Globe Theatre, Southwark. As this is such a general play there will be extra boat men around to ferry passengers. For those of a more serious turn of mind the cataclysm of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, the title role being played by Mr Richard Burbage and the Lord Chamberlains Men, will be performed on Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday.Fashion K. Emerson Spain continues to be a major twist upon English fashions. The work of Mistress Dinghen Vanderplasse with her knowledge of starching methods continues to be important, especially as ruffs remain in fashion, though they tend to be on smaller carapace than on previous years. Silk, hand knitted, stockings were a popular present for many a(prenominal) ladies this Christmas past, including her majesty, despite the cold weather. The majority though still prefer stockings of cloth or wool for both durability and warmth.The farthingale, so popular at court, as can be seen in her majestys recent portrait, has been estimated to have reached a width of 48 inches in some cases. Will this impractical garment continue to be fashionable in the new century? Recent mandate by E. Cubberley The recently enacted, and much needed, Poor Law is already bringing changes in our society. It says much for the legislature that they have taken such care to hear the care of unfortunates. Poor children will be properly apprenticed and trained in a trade as well as in their letters..The richer particle of society will fulfill their social obligations by providing supplies for the poorer folk in difficult times. No more should we have to report upon poor waifs being form starved to death in harsh weather s h appened last winter when the harvest was so poor. And think of the benefit to the country of so many young people properly equipped for a trade This, together with the stopping of the monopolies which favored only a few, will benefit all of her majestys subjects.

Summary Industrial Organization Essay Example for Free

Summary Industrial Organization EssayA perfectly competitive industry has 6 main characteristics 1) large number of buyers and sellers 2) makers and consumers need perfect knowledge 3) the products sold by degene pass judgment atomic number 18 identical 4) fast(a)s act independently and aim at increase salarys 5) no access or exit barriers 6) unassailables throne sell as much turnout as they want at the current securities industry expense NEOCALSSICAL THEORY Static conception, focus on long-run According to Schumpeter and the Austrian School, the fact that a firm fetchs an abnormal profit (monopoly) profit does non constitute evidence that the firm is guilty of abusing its marketplace(monopoly) power at the expense of consumer entrepreneur, creative destruction monopoly status is only a temporary phenomenon arguing is a dynamic process Disequilibrium reflects imperfect in organic law or ignorance on the part of buyers and sellersStructure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) effigy Structure is the central element. It influences conduct which in turn has an effect on the performance STRUCTURE Number and size of firms, entry conditions, product unalikeiation, vertical integration, diversification fixed int he short-run CONDUCT Business objectives, bell, design and branding, publicize and marketing, RD, collusion, merger refers to the behaviour of a firm PERFORMANCE Profitability, growth, quality of products and services, technological service, productive and allocative efficiency Chicago School about abnormal profit causes may be cost advantage and superior efficiencySTUDY CASE EUROPEAN BANKING To prevent from damaging implications for consumer welfare, on that point can be interventions of the government. The government indemnity is regulatory intervention to promote competition and prevent abuses of market power preventing a horizontal merger, break up of a large incumbent producer harm controls, punishment of unlawful collusionsThe Chicago School is a congregation of prominent academic lawyers and economists, whose promarket, pro-competition and anti-government views were perhaps of their most influencial during the 1970s and 80s Critics of the SCP Paradigm the theory does not always specify precise relationships between S, C, P variable stars it is often difficult to decide which variables belong to which category performance is only more or less measure of the degree of success in achieving desired goals the definition of market or industry structure has a number of dimensions danger of overemphasizing the role of intentness little comprehensive information is available on more subtle aspects of market structure and essentially no systematic data aside from history profit rate is available on conduct and performance relationships are oftein quite weak in terms of statistical significance no definition is offered as to the evolution of the market structure variables, and the influence of the current conduct and performance on future structure according to the collusion hypothesis, a domineering association between concentration and profitability was interpreted as evidence of collusion or some some other abuses of market power designed to enhance profit according to the efficiency hypothesis (Chicago), a positive relationship between concentration and profitability reflects a natural tendency for efficient firms to be triple-crown and to become dominant in their industries Strategic management 5 forces model1) Extent and intensity of competition 2) Threat of entrants 3) Threat of substitute products and services 4) major power of buyers 5) Power of suppliers Porters approach static, underemphasises the problem of un originalty caused by change in the competitive environment, competitive advantage is measured by the comfort the firm is able to create in excess of its costs, Porter introduces the concept of the measure out chain, which disaggregates the firm into its strategically rel evant activitiesPrimary activities (physical creation of produt/service), Support activities (support capital activities and each other) each activity is linked to another, this approach examines how these links can be improved in order to increase margins on each of the firms products Kay argues that each individual firm is inherently different, and therefore dismisses the notion of generic strategies. Instead, firms develop distinctive capabilities in an ettempt to achieve competitive advantage. This shift absent from analyzing the characteristics of the environment, and towards examining each firms unique attributes strategies mirrors the shift of emphasis away from structure and towards conduct that is imlicit in much of the NIO literature.Sources of distinctive capabilities Innovation, architecture, reputation determinants of performance Firms can only maintain a competitive advantage if they can protect their strategies from imitation The strategic management approach has be en criticized for placing insufficient emphasis on the interaction between firms at the level of the market or industry. Instead, the focus is mainly on strategic options available to the firm. Chapter 2 Microeconomic foundations The short-run relationships between inputs, outputs and occupation cost is governed by the law of diminishing returns, and the long-run relation is governed by economies or diseconomies of scale The Production Function q=f(L,K) inthe short run labor is variable but capital is fixedLaw of Diminishing Returns As increasing quantities of labor are used in conjunction with a fixed bill of capital, eventually the additional contribution that each successive unit of labor makes to full(a) output starts to decline Marginal Product of Labor (MPL) It is the qunatity of additional output the firm obtains by employing an additional worker. Average Product of Labor (APL) It is the ratio of total output to quantity of labor employed. It is important to notice that APL is increasing whenever MPLAPL and APL is fall when MPL2f(L,K) f(2L,2K)=2f(L,K) f(2L,2K)1 value elastic sensitive quantity PED =1 unit terms elasticity PED 0 for substitutes, 2 more weight to larger firms if for above add up performers. Business unit effects form low performers o The new empirical industrial organization. The new empirical industrial organization shifts the focus from structures summary to conduct analysis. It is grounded firmly in microeconomic (oligopoly) theory. NeIO makes direct observations of conduct in specific industries, and draws inferences about what these observed patters of conduct might mean for structure.The Rosse-Panzar revenue psychometric test is based on empirical observation of the impact on firm-level revenues of variations in the prices of the factors of production that are used as inputs in the production processes of a group of competing firms. The H-statistic is defined as sum of elastic ties if a firms total revenue w.r.t. each o f its factor input prices. It differs under perfectly competitive, amiss competitive and monopoliseric market conditions. See page 336 for graphs. If H = 1 conduct perfect competition If H O conduct monopoly If 0 H 1 conduct imperfect competition Empirical evidence Commonly, price-setting behaviour in accordance with intermediate competition models is detected. Limits Offers a determination of only what the market structure of degree of monopoly is not, and does not suggest what it is.o The persistence of profitPersistence of profit approach examines the time-series behaviour of firm-level profit dates. It suggest profitability in more profitable industries tends to fall and profitability in less profitable industries tends to rise. tendency for profit rates to converge. supports the disequilibrium hypothesis. Firm level studies suggest there are significant differences between firms in long run equilibrium profit rates, and differences in the speed of convergence. Industry l evel studies If current profitability is high than expected, entry should take place causing profitability to fall and v. v. the empirical results suggest the process of adjustment towards l.r. equilibrium takes about quadruple years. Industry level variables much(prenominal) as entry barriers, concentration and growth in demand determine the speed of adjustment.There is evidence of a tendency for profitability to persist, especially in highly concentrated industries. Firm level studies o If competition is eachthing less then perfect, and there are barriers to entry, it may take some time for any abnormal profit to be eroded. s.r. profit persistence. o L.r. profit persistence where there are barriers to entry, there no convergence of firm level rates towards a common l.r. average value. If some firms posses and are able to retain specialized knowledge or other advantage, theses firms may be able to earn profits that remain above the norm persistently, in the long run. o L.r. p ersistence refers to the degree of variation between firms in the l.r. average profit rates no convergence (empirical result)Part 3 analysis of firm strategy Chapter 10 Pricing o Critic of neoclassical theory do firms have enough information to apply the profit maximization rule MR = MC? o Cost plus pricing Under cost plus pricing, the firm calculates or simply calculates its AVC and then sets it price by adding on a percentage mark-up that includes a contribution towards the firms fixed costs and a profit margin. P = (1+m)AVC This is simple to understand and can be implemented using less information. AVC is relatively flat over a relevant set forth of output levels minor variations in the level of demand need not lead to changes in price. So it reduces consumers search costs and besides reduces foul price competition. The mark up determination appeals to a sense of fairness. Otherwise it is not simply implemented for a multiproduct firm. The wide-spread use of cost plus pricing might suggest it as a convenient rule of thumb form firms that are really profit maximizers-cost plus pricing is alike to profit maximization pricing if AVC is approximately constant, and the mark up is set to a value of 1/(PED/1). Research showed that firms where more profit oriented where competition was more intense and also large firms turned out to be more likely profit maximizing. o Price discrimination A firm that enjoys some degree of market power might consider adopting a more complex pricing policy, for example to sell at different prices to different consumers. First degree price discrimination Perfect price discrimination involves making the price per unit of output depend on the identity of the emptor and on the number of unit purchased. certify degree price discrimination Involves making the price per unit of output depend on the number of units purchased. deuce-ace degree price discrimination Involves making the price per unit depend on the identity of the pur chase.The term dumping describes the practice of charging a land price to consumers in poorer countries than to charge in richer countries. Two conditions Some degree of market power and the market has to be divisible into sub-markets different demand conditions, no trading or resale, significant transport costs can also help to achieve an effective physical separation of sub-markets. First degree from each one consumers arriere pensee price is the max. price the consumer is willing to pay. The monopolist can exploit the differences in willingness to pay by charging each consumer high or her own reservation price. It is worthwhile for the monopolist to supply all consumers whose reservation price exceeds the monopolists marginal costs. It is also possible that if reductions in the prices of further units are offered, that the consumer is induced to buy three, four units.Another way to abtain surplus is to charge a two-part tariff uniform additional price + fixed fee. In this form of pr. Discr. Producers earn an abnormal profit, there is no CS and there is no DWL. It is known as perfect price discrimination because all the available surplus is extracted by monopolists. foliate 360 Second degree In the case where the monopolist cannot distinguish between consumer, the best policy is to offer the like menu of prices and quantities to all and allow the consumers to self shoot. Page 362 If the monopolist sets a fixed fee slightly lower than PCAF, and charging a uniform price per unit slightly higher than PC, he can take on additional PS With Pc + P the fixed fee is reduced from WXY to W.Here the producer cannot extract all of the surplus. So first degree price discrimination (perfect information about consumer preferences) is more profitable than irregular degree (imperfect information) Third degree Here the price per unit that each consumer pays is constant, but the monopolist can segment the market by offering different prices to different consu mers. Partial market segmentation is achieved through age, membership, gender, profession etc. The monopolist should select the price quantity combination for each sub-market at monopolistic output. One price will always be higher and the other price lower than the uniform monopoly price in the non discriminating case. Consumers in the sub market with the lower price have more CS and are always burst off than in the non-discriminating case. Examples o With intertemporal price discrimination, the supplier segments the market by the point in time at which the product is purchased by different groups of consumers. Each consumer is willing to make his purchase in one of the two periods. (page 369). But Coase consumers may learn that prices will be cut and wait with purchasing. o strike off labels do not really represent pr. Discr. More products are different because of genuine product characteristics. o Loyalty discount 2nd degree pr. Disc. o Coupons some from but connected with eff ort o Stock clearance some form o Free on board pricing very(prenominal) prices neglecting different costs in different areas. o Peak-load pricing Much of the theoretical literature on peak load pricing is based on an assumption of social welfare maximization.When a peak-load pricing problem exists, often capacity cannot be adjusted. Page 372 The optimal price for each period is the total marginal cost incurred through the installation of additional capacity and the additional production in both periods minus the price charged in the other period. The peak-period consumers, whose demand or willingness to pay is stronger are charged a higher price than the off-peak consumers. MC of installing additional capacity is lowered to B. Chapter 11 Auctions o Auction formats, and models of agitateder valuation An auction is a market mechanism for converting gamings from market participants into decisions concerning the allocation of resources and prices, though a specific set of rules. pri ce formation under conditions of uncertainty, asymmetric information and interdependence. There are four basic auction formats providing the cornerstone for the economic theory of auctions.The English auction (ascending stir auction) involves the price being set initially low and then raised successively until a level is reached which only one fightder is willing to pay. The Dutch auction (descending bid auction) works in the opposite way. In the first price sealed bid auction, each bidder independently submits a single bid, without seeing the bids submitted by other bidders. The highest wins and pays. The second price sealed bid auction (vickrey auction) works similar as the first prices sealed bid auction, but here the highest bidder gets the decimal point and pays a price equal to the second highest bid. Asymmetric information means that seller and buyers typically do not have perfect information concerning the distribution of bidders valuations of the item being auctioned.The re are also two alternative assumptions In the pure common value model, the item is a single, intrinsic value that is the same for all bidders, but nobody knows the true value. In the independent secluded set model, each bidder knows the true value of the item to himself personally. no single value The affiliated valuation model includes elements of both. o The pure common value model and the winners curse The winners curse appears to be a rather common feature of many auctions in which bidders valuations conform to the pure common value model. It is very likely that the winning bidder, with the highest underground estimate has overvalued the item. The winning bidder is very likely to turn out to be a loser, in the sense of having overpaid the item.Two possible estimates of the true value a) original private estimate unconditional. b) revised estimate (knowing other valuations) conditional. In order to avoid the winners curse, the sealed bid should be based on a revised estima te, conditional on the bidders original estimate being the highest estimate. In fact, in a first price sealed bid auction, it pays to submit a bid some distance below the bidders opinion as to the true value. o Optimal bidding strategies and revenue equivalence in the independent private values model. Assumptions private values are randomly drawn from a uniform distribution. encounter neutrality of the bidders.The English auction Withdraw as soon as the price equals or exceeds the private value. You gain a rent equal to the difference between private value and winning bid, or nothing. Second price sealed bid auction A bidders optimal bidding strategy is to enter a bid equivalent to his or her own private value. By raising your bid, you can only lose, you cannot possibly gain. The rivals bid determines the price you would have paid if you had bid your private value. Therefore by lowering your bid you have forfeited an opportunity to buy the item for less than your private value. English and second price auctions can be set forth as strategically equivalent when everybody behaves rationally. In the terminology of game theory it is in both cases a dominant strategy.First price sealed bid auction It pays to submit a bid that is below your own private value. Page 396 o P(0) = 0 o P(B) is and increasing function of B. The higher the bid, the higher P(B) to win. o P(B) is a decreasing function of l. The higher the number of bidders, the lower P(B) to win. By reducing the submitted bid below BH =Vi, bidder i gains by committing to pay a lower price, but also loses by accepting a lower P(B) of winning. The position of the P(B) curve depends on the bidding strategies of the bidders. Nash equilibriums optimal bid ((N-1)/N) * Vi As the number of N increases, the optimal bid approached the bidders private value. Dutch auction Wait until the price has fallen a certain amount below the private value. gain a positive rent. By allowing the price to drop, you can onl y gain and you cannot lose. Bidder I should bid when the price reaches ((N-1)/N) * Vi. So, also the two last auctions types are strategically equivalent.The revenue equivalence theorem All four auctions formats are expected to yield exactly the same price to seller on average. The seller is expected price is always the expected value or expectation of the second highest private value (page 399). Sellers expected proceeds o E(V2) = (N-1)/(N+1) It is important to remember that the revenue equivalence theorem relies heavily on the independent private values assumption. Evidence is rather limited o Extensions and additional topics in auction theory. To ensure a certain price for the seller, he can introduce a rule that the item is not sold if the price collectible by the winning bidder does not at least match (or exceed) a military reserve price. It can be shown that it is optimal for the seller to set a reserve price that is higher than his own private value.Inefficient allocation of resources can be consistent with the maximization of the seller private proceeds. The optimal reserve price does not depend on the number of bidders. The price should not be too high, because then the item wont be sold anymore. Risk averse bidders In an English auction, risk distaste makes no difference to the optimal bidding strategy. In a Dutch auction, in contrast, risk aversion causes the bidder to call out earlier. Therefore the revenue equivalence theorem breaks down if bidders are risk averse (Dutch auction yields higher profit for the seller). In a second price auction, risk aversion causes nothing to change. In a first price sealed bid auction, risk averse bidders tend to bid immediate to their private values than risk neutral bidders theorem brakes down again.